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P4 Server Administration Documentation | 2025.1

# P4 Proxy

This topic assumes you have read the Guidelines for setting up multi-server services

To improve performance obtained by multiple P4 Server users accessing a shared P4 Server repository across a WAN,

1. Configure P4P on the side of the network close to the users.
2. Configure the users to access the service through P4P.
3. Configure P4P to access the upstream server Any server in the inward direction, that is, toward the central server. For example, in an edge-to-edge configuration with a commit, edge1, and edge2, both edge1 and the commit server are upstream servers for edge2. See also 'central server'..

## System requirements

To use P4 Proxy, you must have:

- P4 Server release 2002.2 or later (2012.1 or later to use SSL)
- Sufficient disk space on the proxy host to store a cache of file revisions

## Install P4P

In addition to the basic steps described next, see:

- SSL/TLS connections between client and server
- Defend from man-in-the-middle attacks

### UNIX

To install P4P on UNIX or Linux, do the following:

1. Download the `p4p` executable to the machine on which you want to run the proxy.
2. Select a directory on this machine (`P4PCACHE`) in which to cache file revisions.
3. Select a port (`P4PORT`) on which `p4p` will listen for requests from P4 Server applications.
4. Select the target P4 Server (`P4TARGET`) for which this proxy will cache.

### Windows

Install P4P as an option when running the P4 Server installer for Windows:

## Run P4P

To run P4 Proxy, invoke the `p4p` executable, configuring it with environment variables or command-line options. Options you specify on the command line override environment variable settings.

For example,

    p4p -p tcp64:[::]:1999 -t central:1666 -r /var/proxycacheroot

which starts a proxy that:

- communicates with a central P4 Server located on a host named `central` that listens for proxy requests on port `1666`

- stores its cache of file revisions in its `/var/proxycacheroot` directory (See the `-r` option under General options for P4P.)

To use the proxy, P4 Server applications connect to P4P on port `1999` on the machine that runs the proxy. The proxy listens on both the IPv6 and IPv4 transports. See P4PORT in the P4 CLI Reference.

### Run P4P as a Windows service

To run P4P as a Windows service, either install P4P from the Windows installer, or specify the `-s` option when you invoke `p4p.exe`, or rename the P4P executable to `p4ps.exe`.

To pass parameters to the P4Proxy service, set the `P4POPTIONS` registry variable using the `p4 set` command. For example, if you normally run the Proxy with the command:

    C:\> p4p -p 1999 -t ssl:mainserver:1666

You can set the `P4POPTIONS` variable for a Windows service named `P4 Proxy` by setting the service parameters as follows:

    C:\> p4 set -S "Perforce Proxy" P4POPTIONS="-p 1999 -t ssl:mainserver:1666"

When the `"P4 Proxy"` service starts, P4P listens for plaintext connections on port 1999 and communicates with the P4 Server via SSL at `ssl:mainserver:1666`.

## Proxy options

There are multiple types of proxy options.

### Proxy-specific options

Option | Meaning
--- | ---
`-d` | Run as daemon - fork first, then run (UNIX only).
`-f` | Do not fork - run as a single-threaded server (UNIX only).
`-i` | Run for `inetd` (socket on `stdin/stdout` - UNIX only).
`-q` | Run quietly; suppress startup messages.
`-c` | Do not compress data stream between the P4 Server to P4P. (This option reduces CPU load on the central server at the expense of slightly higher bandwidth consumption.)
`-s` | Run as a Windows service (Windows only). Running `p4p.exe -s` is equivalent to invoking `p4ps.exe`.
`-S` | Disable cache fault coordination. The proxy maintains a table of concurrent sync operations, called `pdb.lbr`, to avoid multiple transfers of the same file. This mechanism prevents unnecessary network traffic, but can impart some delay to operations until the file transfer is complete. When `-S` is used, cache fault coordination is disabled, allowing multiple transfers of files to occur. The proxy then decides whether to transfer a file based solely on its checksum. This might increase the burden on the network, while potentially providing speedier completion for sync operations.
`--cache-purge` | Delete inactive files from the proxy cache. Running `p4p --cache-purge` removes inactive files that exceed the threshold set by the `proxy.clearcachethresh` configurable. Make sure that the file system has enabled access-time tracking for the directories that are cached by the proxy. You can perform this operation manually or automate it with a scheduled task or cron job.

### General options for P4P

Option | Meaning
--- | ---
`-h` or `-?` | Display a help message.
`-V` | Display the version of the P4 Proxy.
`-r root` | Specify the directory where revisions are cached. Default is `P4PCACHE`, or the directory from which `p4p` is started if `P4PCACHE` is not set.
`-R root` | Specify the directory where the proxy database is stored. See `P4PROOT`. This is the directory to use with the `-xD [serverID]` option. Do not confuse the proxy's `P4PROOT` with the central server's P4ROOT.
`-L logfile` | Specify the location of the log P4 Server supports the standard log, which is human-readable, as well as structured logs in a comma-separated value (CSV) format. The P4LOG environment variable specifies the log file for events, including errors. The human-readable P4AUDIT environment variable specifies the log file that records file transfers to users. Structured log files are typically processed by external tools. To learn more, see 'Logging" in P4 Server Administration Documentation. file. Default is `P4LOG`, or the directory from which `p4p` is started if `P4LOG` is not set.
`-p port` | Specify the port on which P4P will listen for requests from P4 Server applications. Default is `P4PORT`, or 1666 if `P4PORT` is not set.
`-t port` | Specify the port of the target P4 Server (that is, the P4 Server for which P4P acts as a proxy). Default is `P4TARGET` or `perforce:1666` if `P4TARGET` is not set.
`-e size` | Cache only those files that are larger than `size` bytes. Default is `P4PFSIZE`, or zero (cache all files) if `P4PFSIZE` is not set.
`-u serviceuser` | For proxy servers, authenticate as the specified `serviceuser` when communicating with the central server. The service user must have a valid ticket before the proxy will work.
`-v level` | Specifies server trace level. Debug messages are stored in the proxy server’s log file. Debug messages from `p4p` are not passed through to `p4d`, and debug messages from `p4d` are not passed through to `p4p` proxies. Default is `P4DEBUG`, or none if `P4DEBUG` is not set. For a full discussion with examples, see Using P4LOG.
`-xD [serverID]` | Display (or set) the proxy server’s `serverID` (stored in the `server.id` file) and exit. The `server.id` file needs to be created in the proxy root directory (P4PROOT).

### Certificate-handling options for P4P

Option | Meaning
--- | ---
-Gc | Generate SSL credentials files for the proxy: create a private key (`privatekey.txt`) and certificate file (`certificate.txt`) in `P4SSLDIR`, and then exit. Requires that `P4SSLDIR` be set to a directory that is owned by the user invoking the command, and that is readable only by that user. If `config.txt` is present in `P4SSLDIR`, generate a self-signed certificate with specified characteristics.
-Gf | Display the fingerprint of the proxy’s public key, and exit. Administrators can communicate this fingerprint to end users, who can then use the `p4 trust` command to determine whether or not the fingerprint (of the server to which they happen to be connecting) is accurate.

### Proxy monitoring options

Option | Meaning
--- | ---
`-l` | List pending archive transfers
`-l``-s` | List pending archive transfers, summarized
`-v lbr.stat.interval=n` | Set the file status interval in seconds.
`-v proxy.monitor.level=n` | 0: (default) Monitoring disabled 1: Proxy monitors file transfers only 2: Proxy monitors all operations 3: Proxy monitors all traffic for all operations
`-v proxy.monitor.interval=n` | Proxy monitoring interval, in seconds. If not set, defaults to 10 seconds.
`-m1` `-m2` `-m3` | Show currently-active connections and their status. Requires `proxy.monitor.level` set equal to or greater than 1. The optional argument specifies the level of detail: `-m1`, `-m2`, or `-m3` show increasing levels of detail corresponding to the `proxy.monitor.level` setting.

### Proxy archive cache options

See the lbr.proxy.case configurable in the P4 CLI Reference.

## Proxy and broker protections

When a user is accessing the P4 Server through a P4 Proxy or P4 Broker, the string `proxy-` is automatically prepended to the user's IP address used by the P4 Server. That string can be used in the protections table to define whether a user must connect by means of a proxy or broker, or can connect directly to the P4 Server.

To apply the IP address of a replica user’s workstation against the protections table:

1. Make sure that a broker or proxy is in place.

2. Prepend the string `proxy-` to the workstation’s IP address.

For instance, consider an organization with a remote development site with workstations on a subnet of `192.168.10.0/24`. The organization also has a central office where local development takes place. The central office exists on the `10.0.0.0/8` subnet. A Perforce service resides in the `10.0.0.0/8` subnet, and a replica resides in the `192.168.10.0/24` subnet. Users at the remote site belong to the group `remotedev`, and occasionally visit the central office. Each subnet also has a corresponding set of IPv6 addresses.

To ensure that members of the `remotedev` group use the replica while working at the remote site, but do not use the replica when visiting the local site, add the following lines to your protections table:

    list    group    remotedev     192.168.10.0/24              -//...
    list    group    remotedev     [2001:db8:16:81::]/48        -//...

    write   group    remotedev     proxy-192.168.10.0/24         //...
    write   group    remotedev     proxy-[2001:db8:16:81::]/48   //...

    list    group    remotedev     proxy-10.0.0.0/8             -//...
    list    group    remotedev     proxy-[2001:db8:1008::]/32   -//...

    write   group    remotedev     10.0.0.0/8                    //...
    write   group    remotedev     [2001:db8:1008::]/32          //...

The first line denies `list` access to all users in the `remotedev` group if they attempt to access P4 Server without using the replica from their workstations in the `192.168.10.0/24` subnet. The second line denies access in identical fashion when access is attempted from the IPV6 `[2001:db8:16:81::]/48` subnet.

The third line grants `write` access to all users in the `remotedev` group if they are using the replica and are working from the `192.168.10.0/24` subnet. Users of workstations at the remote site must use the replica. (The replica itself does not have to be in this subnet, for example, it could be at `192.168.20.0`.) The fourth line grants access in identical fashion when access is attempted from the IPV6 `[2001:db8:16:81::]/48` subnet.

Similarly, the fifth and sixth lines deny `list` access to `remotedev` users when they attempt to use the replica from workstations on the central office’s subnets (`10.0.0.0/8` and `[2001:db8:1008::]/32`). The seventh and eighth lines grant write access to `remotedev` users who access the P4 Server directly from workstations on the central office’s subnets. When visiting the local site, users from the `remotedev` group must access the P4 Server directly.

### Connections

When P4 Server evaluates protections table entries, it also considers the setting of the `dm.proxy.protects` configurable.

dm.proxy.protects defaults to `1`, which causes the `proxy-` prefix to be prepended to all client host addresses that connect through an intermediary proxy, broker, or replica. The `proxy-` prefix indicates that the connection is not direct. If you specify `proxy-*` for the `Host` field, that will affect all connections made via proxies, brokers, and replicas. A value such as `proxy-10.0.0.5` identifies a client machine with an IP address of `10.0.0.5` that is connected to the server through an intermediary.

If `dm.proxy.protects` is set to `0`, the `proxy-` prefix is removed. This allows you to write a single set of protection entries that apply both to directly-connected clients and clients that connect through a proxy, broker, or replica. A single set of protection entries is more convenient. However, in some cases a connection through one or more intermediaries might be less secure. If you use the `0` setting, all intermediaries must be at release 2012.1 or higher.

### Commands served by the replica

The example above allows only commands that are executed by the upstream server to run. For example, p4 edit in a forwarding-replica scenario. Commands that are served by the replica, such as p4 files, are disallowed.

If the dm.proxy.protects configurable is set to its default value of 1 | To run commands against the replica directly, such as p4 files, you need: write user fred 1.2.3.4 //depot/... To run a command that needs to be passed over P4 Proxy to the upstream server, such as p4 sync or p4 edit, you need two entries: write user fred 1.2.3.4 //depot/... write user fred proxy-1.2.3.4 //depot/...
If dm.proxy.protects is set to 0 | One entry is sufficient for all commands: write user fred 1.2.3.4 //depot/...

## Administer P4P

The following sections describe the tasks involved in administering a proxy.

### No backups required

You never need to back up the P4P cache directory.

If necessary, P4P reconstructs the cache based on P4 Server metadata.

### Stop P4P

P4P is effectively stateless. To stop P4P under UNIX, `kill` the `p4p` process with `SIGTERM` or `SIGKILL`. Under Windows, click End Process in the Task Manager.

### Upgrade P4P

After you have replaced the `p4p` executable with the upgraded version, you must also remove the `pdb.lbr` and `pdb.monitor` files (if they exist) from the proxy root before you restart the upgraded proxy.

### Enable SSL support

To encrypt the connection between a P4 Proxy and its end users, your proxy must have a valid private key and certificate pair in the directory specified by its `P4SSLDIR` environment variable. Certificate and key generation and management for the proxy works the same as it does for the P4 Server. See SSL/TLS connections between client and server. The users' P4 Server applications must be configured to trust the fingerprint of the proxy.

To encrypt the connection between a P4 Proxy and its upstream Perforce service, your proxy installation must be configured to trust the fingerprint of the upstream Perforce service. That is, the user that runs `p4p` (typically a service user) must create a `P4TRUST` file (using `p4 trust`) that recognizes the fingerprint of the upstream Perforce service.

See the Perforce Knowledge Base article, Enabling SSL Support for the Server/Broker/Proxy.

### Defend from man-in-the-middle attacks

You can use the `net.mimcheck` configurable to enable checks for possible interception or modification of data. These settings are pertinent for proxy administration:

- A value of 3 checks connections from clients, proxies, and brokers for TCP forwarding.
- A value of 5 requires that proxies, brokers, and all P4 Server intermediate servers have valid logged-in service users associated with them. This allows administrators to prevent unauthorized proxies and services from being used.

You must restart the server after changing the value of this configurable. See `net.mimcheck`.

### Localize P4P

If your P4 Server has localized error messages (see Localizing server error messages), you can localize your proxy’s error message output by shutting down the proxy, copying the server’s `db.message` file into the proxy root, and restarting the proxy.

### Manage disk space consumption

P4P caches file revisions in its cache directory. These revisions accumulate until you delete them. P4P does not delete its cached files or otherwise manage its consumption of disk space.

If you do not delete cached files, you will eventually run out of disk space. To recover disk space, remove files under the proxy’s root.

Although you do not need to stop the proxy to delete its cached files or the `pdb.lbr` file, removing the cache or pdb.lbr file is NOT recommended during a sync operation because it might cause the following error: "Proxy could not update its cache".

If you delete files from the cache without stopping the proxy, you must also delete the `pdb.lbr` file at the proxy’s root directory. (The proxy uses the `pdb.lbr` file to keep track of which files are scheduled for transfer, so that if multiple users simultaneously request the same file, only one copy of the file is transferred.)

### Determine if applications use the proxy

If your P4 Server application is using the proxy, the proxy’s version information appears in the output of `p4 info`.

For example, if a Perforce service is hosted at `ssl:central:1666` and you direct your P4 Server application to a P4 Proxy hosted at `outpost:1999`, the output of `p4 info` resembles the following:

    export P4PORT=tcp:outpost:1999p4 info
    User name: p4adm
    Client name: admin-temp
    Client host: remotesite22
    Client root: /home/p4adm/tmp
    Current directory: /home/p4adm/tmp
    Client address: 192.168.0.123
    Server address: central:1666
    Server root: /usr/depot/p4d
    Server date: 2012/03/28 15:03:05 -0700 PDT
    Server uptime: 752:41:23
    Server version: P4D/FREEBSD4/2012.1/406375 (2012/01/25)
    Server encryption: encrypted
    Proxy version: P4P/SOLARIS26/2012.1/406884 (2012/01/25)
    Server license: P4 Admin <p4adm> 20 users (expires 2013/01/01)
    Server license-ip: 10.0.0.2
    Case handling: sensitive

### P4P and protections

For setting protections on proxies and brokers, see "Proxy and protections" under Set protections with p4 protect.

### Determine if specific files are from the proxy

Use the `-Z proxyverbose` option with `p4` to display messages indicating whether file revisions are coming from the proxy (`p4p`) or the central server (`p4d`). For example:

    p4 -Z proxyverbose sync noncached.txt
    //depot/main/noncached.txt - refreshing /home/p4adm/tmp/noncached.txt
    p4 -Z proxyverbose sync cached.txt
    //depot/main/cached.txt - refreshing /home/p4adm/tmp/cached.txt
    File /home/p4adm/tmp/cached.txt delivered from proxy server

### Case-sensitivity issues and the proxy

If you are running the proxy on a case-sensitive platform such as UNIX, and your users are submitting files from case-insensitive platforms (such as Windows), the default behavior of the proxy is to fold case. For example, `FILE.TXT` can overwrite `File.txt` or `file.txt`.

In the case of text files and source code, the performance impact of this behavior is negligible. If, however, you are dealing with large binaries such as `.ISO` images or `.VOB` video objects, there can be performance issues associated with this behavior.

After any change to `lbr.proxy.case`, you must clear the cache before restarting the proxy.

### Maximize performance improvement

In addition to the topics in this chapter, see the Perforce Knowledge Base article on tuning tips for Proxy Performance, including how to minimize the syncing of small files.

### Reduce server CPU usage by disabling file compression

By default, P4P compresses communication between itself and the P4 Server versioning service, imposing additional overhead on the service. To disable compression, specify the `-c` option when you invoke `p4p`. This option is particularly effective if you have excess network and disk capacity and are storing large numbers of binary file revisions in the depot, because the proxy (rather than the upstream versioning service) decompresses the binary files from its cache before sending them to P4 Server users.

### Network topologies versus P4P

If network bandwidth on the subnet with the Perforce service is nearly saturated, deploy the proxies on the other side of a router so that the traffic from end users to the proxy is isolated to a subnet separate from the subnet containing the Perforce service. You might split the subnet into multiple subnets and deploy a proxy in each resulting subnet:

### Preload the cache directory for optimal initial performance

P4 Proxy stores file revisions only when one of its users submits a new revision to the depot or requests an existing revision from the depot. That is, file revisions are not prefetched. Performance gains from P4P occur only after file revisions are cached.

After starting P4P, you can prefetch the cache directory by creating a dedicated client workspace and syncing it to the head revision. All other users who subsequently connect to the proxy immediately obtain the performance improvements provided by P4P. For example, a development site located in Asia with a P4P server targeting a P4 Server in North America can preload its cache directory by using an automated job that runs a ``p4 sync`` against the entire P4 Server depot after most work at the North American site has been completed, but before its own developers arrive for work.

By default, `p4 sync` writes files to the client workspace. If you have a dedicated client workspace that you use to prefetch files for the proxy, however, this step is redundant. If this machine has slower I/O performance than the machine running the P4 Proxy, it can also be time-consuming.

To preload the proxy’s cache without the redundant step of also writing the files to the client workspace, use the `-Z proxyload` option when syncing. For example:

    export P4CLIENT=prefetchp4 sync //depot/main/written.txt
    //depot/main/written.txt - refreshing /home/prefetch/main/written.txt
    p4 -Z proxyload sync //depot/main/nonwritten.txt
    //depot/main/nonwritten.txt - file(s) up-to-date.

Both files are now cached, but `nonwritten.txt` is never written to the `prefetch` client workspace. When prefetching the entire depot, the time savings can be considerable.

### Distribute disk space consumption

P4P stores revisions as if there were only one depot tree. If this approach stores too much file data onto one filesystem, you can use symbolic links to spread the revisions across multiple filesystems.

For instance, if the P4P cache root is `/disk1/proxy`, and the P4 Server it supports has two depots named `//depot` and `//released`, you can split data across disks, storing `//depot` on `disk1` and `//released` on `disk2` as follows:

    mkdir /disk2/proxy/releasedcd /disk1/proxyln -s /disk2/proxy/released released

The symbolic link means that when P4P attempts to cache files in the `//released` depot to `/disk1/proxy/released`, the files are stored on `/disk2/proxy/released`.

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